Feminization of hawksbill turtle hatchlings in the twenty-first century at an important regional nesting aggregation

Projected climate change is forecasted to have significant effects on biological systems worldwide. Marine turtles in particular may be vulnerable, as the sex of their offspring determined by incubating temperature, termed temperature-dependent determination. This study aimed estimate historical, and forecast future, primary ratios hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata hatchlings at an important nesting ground northeastern Qatar. Incubation temperatures from Arabian/Persian Gulf were measured over 2 seasons. Climate data same period regressed with nest incubation hatchling for site 1993 2100. Future estimated forecasts, one mid-range (SSP245) extreme (SSP585). Historical showed female-biased 73.2 ± 12.1% 2017. Female biases 2018 2100 averaged 85.7% 6.7% under scenario 87.9% 5.4% high-range scenario. In addition, predicted female production was >90% 2054 2052 SSP245 SSP585, respectively. These results show that Qatar are risk feminization year extreme, understudied environment already comparable those tropical rookeries during latter half 21 st century. can help conservationists predict region face -century change.